Vapor generator



Aug. 15, 1933. H, J, KERR 1,922,664

VAPOR GENERATOR Filed Oct. 30, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet l 4, Fig] 3 Z Fl 3INVENTOR Holt 9RD a7. KER/Q ATTORN EY Aug. 15, 1933. KERR 1,922,664

VAPOR GENERATOR Filed Oct. 30, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR HOW/7RDIKE/QR @u-TRW ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 15, 1933 I adm t emaima i i i 1Howard J. Kerr, 'Westfield, N.. J assignor to TheBabcock' .& WilcoxCompany, Bayonne, N. J.*, a Corporation of New Jersey y H ApplicationQotober 30;

14 Claims. (o1. 122 2 3 5) ,.This invention relates to vapor generatorsincluding tubular boilers and their furnaces, and

more particularly to a refractorywall in such -a vapor generator formedin, conjunction with .5 the tubes and supportedthereby.

An object of the invention isto form a re fractor-y wall in a vapor,-generatorincluding a tubular boiler and a furnace by securing therefractory material to certain. of the tubes; I J Anotherobjectofthe'inventionis to provide a vapor generator including a .tubularboiler and afurnace in which certain curved tubes supporta refractory Ivalljf.

A further object of the invention is to adapts row. of vapor generatingtubes to I serve as a pro tection for the headersin'whichfthey are expanded.

Other objectswill be apparentthose skilled j inthis particular ,art'fromthe description in the specification in connectionlwiththe draw:

ings in which Figfl is aside view. of a vapor generator partly in.sectio'nj.

, Fig. 2 isan enlarged .view in section a detailof the invention;

Fig.3 'isan enlarged view in secti 'on' of jag rows of.,icurvedytubes 20,andl21 as wall. tubes.

detail of the invention 'taken along the line .3-3ofFig.2;

to Fig. 4; Fig.1 6 is a side ,viewof aportion of {{(boiler and itsfurnace illustratin'g' an"embodiment of the invention.

One embodiment of Fig. '1 in which aspecific use for the"inven tiontubes 1. are shown expanded in headers 2, 3 and 4'; the, header 31and14being" 'locaLted' inside. a boiler ,abovea furnace 5'. steam generating;tube,6 are located ,in the' upper part of the.

furnace below the tubes 1 and serve'as a slag screen thereforytheinnerends of these" tubes,

extend toward the center of the furnace beyond their respective headers3 and '4 and'a-re bent As shown most. clearly are secured. asby;welding.:to;;the inner side of the bent portion of thetubes, 6normal-to the.

framework of refractory material is provided to] plane of the tubes attheir point of contact, the fins beingwgenerally.concentric with thetubes :and embracing only a part .of their. circumference, preferablyless; than half. .By virtue of atheir tlocation the distances betweenthe faces of thefins are gre ateratthe edges adjacent the tubes than attheir other edges and hence form pockets of. trapezoidal,cross-section.Refractormflaterial, preferably applied while .in plastic state .fillsthe spaces b etweenthe tubes and is; securedwhereto byrthe fins. Asshownmost; clearly in Fig S, the refractory materialentirely-coversthefins and fills the spaces between the tubes,- and with the tubes formsa'prote ctive shield for the lower encls of the headers 3 and .4 irornthe gases of combustion fromgfurnace 5. h It is to be noted.-that,;by.reason of the trapezoidal. shape ofthe pockets formed by he fins with,their free edges approaching, each other, pockets are formed of suchshape that, they provide an especiallyefiective locking .means to .hold:the, refractory material in position. -In the modificationshown in Fig."6, a portioniof a; boiler furnace is, illustrated utilizing Each row oftubesl 1as -fins,.22 secured thereto I V i i g s on the eoncaveside,inlthegrnanner previously Fig. 4 is an enlargedview in section of aqdertail of the. invention taken along the vline"4.4

described, ,and ref;, "actorymaterial 23 is held by the tins and formsarefractory backingfor the I J .,cur,v e d tubes,. The refractorymaterial isap- Fig.5 is an enlarged "viewjpartly in section of a detailof the, inventiontakenat right "angles ,pliedto these tubes, preferablywhile inQa plastic state, and is held. inplace by the fins. Uponhardening this;,- reiractoryv material, forms a refractory wallsecurelyanchored tov the tubes and efiectively supported thereby. s I

. Whilea specific em bodirnent of the invention anda definiteapplication have been, shown and i s gclescrlbed" itfliszto, beI nderStod that changes, is illustrated. ,Tw'o banks of steam generatingsubstitutions.omissions and additionspmay be made without departingfrornjthe spirit of the invent on as l m ts b th appen e la .What.. m;.iS

Y Ina boiler ofthe class described, a plurality yof banks of steamgenerating tubes, rows of ins de ihe dfi t rnsfl h n f tubes in. thepath of, hot gases of; combustion from the boiler furnace, rows ofsteamgenerating tubes adapted to serve asa slag screen for said first namedtubes, the ends of said slagscreen tubes extending-beyond said headersand being bent back and expanded into the lower ,ends lof saidheaders,;-a, plurality of finssecured to saidslag screenj tubes in theinner; sides of their.,bent portions, refractorv material covering saidfins and being secured to the tubes thereby; said tubes and refractorymaterial serving as a protection to the bottom of said headers from thehot gases of combustion.

2. The method of forming a curved boiler furnace arch wall comprising,forming tubes with projections on corresponding sides, bending each tubeso that its adjacent projections form parts of pockets the sides ofwhich are convergent away from the tube, assembling the bent tubes inarch alignment and in such spaced relation that quarters of adjacenttubes form the sides of pockets converging oppositely relative to theconvergence of the projections, and positioning plastic refractorymaterial between the oppositely converging pocket sides.

3. In the manufacture of arch walls for boiler furnaces forming metallicprojections on tubes, bending each tube so that its adjacent projectionsform pocket sides converging away from the tubes, assembling the benttubes in wall alignment, and positioning plastic refractory materialbetween the tubes and the converging projections extending from thetubes.

4. In combination. a boiler furnace, boiler sections upwardly inclinedfrom opposite sides of the furnace towards a position intermediate thesides of the furnace, uptake headers at the inner ends of the sectionsand spaced apart at said positions, sets of downtake headers for thesections located at opposite sides of the furnace, a cross-header beloweach downtake header, connections between each cross-header and theadjacent set of downtake headers, slag screen tubes leading from eachcross-header and extending past the lower ends of the adjacent uptakeheaders, the slag screen tubes leading from the inner and facing sidesof the uptake headers and curved so as to lead around the lower ends ofthe headers to which they are connected, refractory layers disposed onthe back sides of the slag screen tubes and below the uptake headers, so'as to cooperate with the tubes in forming shields for the lower ends ofthe uptake headers, and refractory anchors united with the curvedportions'of the tubes and converging outwardly thereof.

5. In the manufacture of furnace walls for fluid heat exchangeapparatus, forming metallic projections on a tube, bending the tube sothat its adjacent projections form pocket sides converging away from thetube, and positioning plastic refractory material between the tube andthe converging projections extending from the tube so that the materialbecomes anchored by the pocket sides.

6. In combination, a boiler furnace, opposed boiler sections includingbanks of steam generating tubes, upwardly inclined from opposite sidesof the furnace towards a high position intermediate the sides of thefurnace, uptake headers at the inner ends of the sections and spacedapart at said position, downtake headers for the sections located atopposite sides of the furnace, slag screen tubes leading from positionsbelow the steam generating tubes and extending past the lower ends ofthe adjacent uptake headers, portions of the slag screen tubes leadingfrom the inner and facing sides of the uptake headers and curved'so asto lead around the headers to which they are connected, refractorylayers'disposed on the back sides of the slag screen tubes and theircurved portions, so as to cooperate with the tubes in forming shieldspreventing direct engagement of furnace gases with the lower ends of theuptake headers, and refractory anchors integral with the curved portions and converging outwardly of the curved portions.

7. Influid heat exchange apparatus, a bank of tubes conducting a fluidacross a gas pass, slag screen tubes having curved portions providedwith projections welded thereto, a header connected to the tubes, and aheat resisting wall interposed relative to the end of the header andoncoming furnace gases and extending around the end of the header, saidwall being supported by the curved portions of the slag screen tubeswhich pass around the lower end of the header and terminate in aconnection thereto at the side of the header.

8. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, a bank of tubes conducting a fluidacross a gas pass, a header connected to the tubes. and a heat resistingwall interposed relative to the end of the header and oncoming furnacegases and extending around the end of the header, said wall beingsupported by some of said tubes which pass around the lower end of theheader and terminate in a connection thereto at the side of the header.

9. In a manufacture of boilerfurnace walls, forming metallic projectionson one side only of each of a plurality of tubes, bending each tubetoward its side having the projections so that its adjacent projectionsform pocket sides converging away from the tubes, assembling the benttubes in wall alignment, and positioning plastic refractory materialbetween the tubes and the converging projections extending from thetubes.

10. In combination, a boiler furnace, boiler sections upwardly inclinedfrom opposite sides of the furnace towards a position above andintermediate the sides of the furnace, uptake headers at the inner endsof the sections and spaced apart at said position, sets of downtakeheaders for the sections located at opposite sides of the furnace, slagscreen tubes connected to the downtake headers and extending across thelower ends of the adjacent uptake headers, portions of the slag screentubes leading from the inner and facing sides of the uptake headers andcurved so as to lead around the lower ends of the headers to which theyare connected, a, refractory layer disposed on the back sides of thecurved portions of the slag screen tubes so as to cooperate with thetubes in forming shields preventing direct engagement of furnace gaseswith the lower ends of the sides of headers, and refractory anchorsextending from the curved portions of the slag screen tubes.

11. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, fluid chambers on opposite sidesof a gas pass, a row of tubes connecting said chambers so as to conductfluid from one to the other across the gas pass, projections on thecooler sides of the tubes, said tubes being bent at their ends near onechamber so as to pass around the lower end of the chamber and tointerpose a fluid cooled wall between that chamber and the oncominggases and to bring the outer ends of said projections nearer togetherwhereby there is provided anchoring means for refractory materialdisposed along the back sides of the tubes with reference to theapproach of the gases.

12. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, opposite fluid chambers,- a row oftubes connecting said chambers so as to conduct fluid from one to thesides of the tubes, said tubes being bent at their ends near one chamberto pass around the lower end of the chamber and bring the outer ends ofsaid projections nearer together whereby there is provided anchoringmeans for refractory material disposed along the back sides of the tubeswith reference to the approach of the gases.

13. In fluid heat exchange apparatus, spaced fluid chambers, a furnace,a row of tubes connecting said chambers so as to conduct fluid from oneto the other across a gas pass, projections on the remote sides of thetubes with reference to the approach of heating gases, said tubes beingbent near their ends and between their connections to said chambers soas to extend around a part -of one of the chambers nearest the furnaceand provide a fluid cooled wall protecting that part against overheatingdue to the oncoming gases and to bring the outer ends of saidprojections nearer together whereby they provide anchoring means forrefractory material disposed along the back sides of the tubes withreference to the approach of the gases.

14. In a boiler of the class described, a bank of steam generatingtubes, a row of uptake headers for said bank of tubes in the path of hotgases of combustion, a row of downtake headers connected to the tubes, arow of additional steam generating tubes disposed below and constitutinga screen for said bank of tubes, the ends of said additional tubesextending below and beyond the lower ends of the uptake headers andbeing bent back and expanded in said headers at the lower end thereof,said tubes serving as a pro- ,tection to the bottom of said headers fromthe hot gases of combustion.

HOWA RD J. KERR.

